The American concept of EFL and visions in the Middle East Invisible
Introduction:
In this article I will discuss the phenomenon of the use of native speakers of English in the Middle East, specifically in the United Arab Emirates joined in EFL in schools primary. In this discussion I will examine the reasons beyond this phenomenon. It will also examine the attitudes of language teachers and non-native teachers of English and parental attitudes. In addition, I will link to the "communicative imperialism" (Phillipson, 2006) and the role of media in EFL context in the Middle East. Due to the physics of my role, "as reflective experience" (Pennycook, 2001: p. 1) and earlier in other countries are required to be present.
United Arab Emirates ELT has undergone an extraordinary revolution in the last six years. My interest in this issue has been raised with the simultaneous emergence of a new type of schools that are gradually replacing regular public schools in the UAE. This rate flame (Al-Ghad schools) which literally means the school of tomorrow "in Arabic. It shows clearly the main objective of these schools is to produce more sophisticated moderate and competitive students. The vision of the Ministry of Education and Youth in the United Arab Emirates, said they were "taking a new generation is more capable of the English language and vocabulary and grammar, ie "we need a generation who speak English as their mother tongue, so for achieve this goal teachers who "have better control of fluids, idiomatically correct linguistic forms, are better informed about the connotations cultural language "(Braine, 1999: p. XIV) are required. To realize this vision living, many native English teachers has been introduced from areas such as "North America, Great Britain, New Zealand and Australia, who claim ownership of English" (Canagarajah, 1999: p. 79). In addition, for support this view, some authoritative sources in the government argues that this new methodology of teaching is better teaching of English that enables students to acquire the language easily and smoothly. Schutz (2007) cites Krashen (1987), believes that language acquisition requires meaningful interaction in the language target (natural communication) Therefore, language acquisition does not require the extensive use of awareness of grammatical rules, because the students grow up learning language as something natural in your life without an effort, especially early in their lives. In addition, Boyle (1997) shows that language teachers a number of advantages over non-native speaker teachers, since (an Englishman) at birth and developed through his life as a main language, which was used in his life (b) the complexities of grammar are learned by instinct and can be used with speed and safety (c) native English speakers engaged with other native speakers of English as something office natural in context, so that he / she uses the language of all time as the dominant language, it is preferable to use native English teachers to teach their mother tongue. Moreover, McNeill (1994) in his study of the characteristics of native and nonnative teachers argue that English language teachers are advantage when it comes to the needs of students vocabulary. It is worth noting here, the government is to replace teachers with non-native speaker teachers of English language gradually to provide its students the opportunity to hold discussions with teachers in English and English only.
Moreover, Al-segair (2007) working as a teacher at a prestigious university Middle East demonstrates that, in its survey of language teachers in the Middle East ", I discovered that used some work as a dog trainer-Back to Chicago "(para. 2). He also said that some teachers were" a bunch of company and some former employees have worked on Western embassies "(paragraph 2) that teachers do not work as before. Al-segair explains that because you are a native speaker of a language that qualifies you to teach! The teaching of a language requires "skill, competence, training and knowledge" (paragraph 3). Going far on this issue, Al-Osaimi (2007) illustrates the fact that some schools did not bother to recruit qualified teachers in English, however, parents are often more where they have been impressed by the teachers and the fact that her accent sounds more "American or British considered sufficient to convince them that they are the teachers more likely to teach their children, regardless of what they have qualifications or experience. These criteria have forced me to ask why that thought is dominant in the region.
United States and its policies play an important role in this. The principle of America that "current educational systems in place in the Muslim world were partly responsible for motivating the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. In June 2002 (Karmani, 2005: p.262), in order to change its attitude toward Western culture and America, a new concept must be replaced by what is described as "a combination of intolerance, ignorance, anti-Semitic, anti-American and anti-western point of view "(Karmani, 2005: p.262) with language teachers as a means of implementing this project. When you import the English language teachers this Kachru calls "inner country" circle (Kachru & Nelson, 1996: p. 78) with Westerns beliefs and values, new generation would be the total result Americanized. In simple words, education and colonialism the spirit or linguistic imperialism (Phillipson, 2006: p. 346) are the main objectives of the invasion of native language teachers in the Middle East region.
Find your security detected:
Handley (2004) mentions the late 1700s, America was surrounded by great European powers, the United States was "economically and militarily disadvantaged "(Hadley, 2004). Therefore, to build a strong nation and superpower, America must expand its borders through negotiation or war. U.S. citizens have become convinced that the world and U.S. national security is at risk and to protect the world and in America, a country that threats must be attacked. Moreover, "the lack of expansion involves the possibility of defeat" Therefore, "the insecurity of America was an important factor in the invasion of Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the Philippines "(Hadley, 2004) in the past. Another way to these fears is the American Initiative SDI (SDI), which was a proposal by U.S. President Roland Reagan March 23, 1983. The main objective of this proposal shows that Wikipedia is "of earth and space systems to protect the U.S. against an attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles." This was popularly known "Star Wars" in 1977 George Lucas film. According to Handley, the Star Wars program is an extension of the need for further investigation of America to its national security "is expanding its frontiers in outer space" (Handley, Mauk 2004 and the City of Oakland, 154), on the other hand, invasions recent Iraq and Afghanistan is carried out by a large number of American citizens is that they were convinced that the United States national security is threatened. By Therefore, to ensure that no threat to U.S. security in the future, a new form of domination and control must take place in areas such as East Asia, Africa Middle East and not only military but also the media and the academic profession.
The role of media in Middle East:
No one can deny the important role played by the media anywhere in the world. United States seeks to impose its policies and ideology the Middle East if the use of force or not. To dominate the region, believes Americans should be encouraged in the region. Phillipson (2006) argues the development of communication networks is a basic relationship to the emergence of a new world order. Illustrates the fact that "communication multiplying movement organized and structured interconnections through networks "(p. 352). Therefore, in order to dominate the country and its culture, check their media and shown to people in their homes. A network of TV channels such as the controversial group MBC (Middle East Broadcasting Center) and Alhurra (which means "freedom" in Arabic) was born in the Middle East and spend most of the minds of Middle Easterners and homes. These channels can be seen by some media to disseminate the U.S. plans and the principles of the region using other means to other tanks and rockets. Alhurra is a language without Network Advertising Arabic satellite television in the Middle East operated and funded by the U.S. America. This channel is funded by the American people their taxes by the Broadcasting Board of Governors and the United States Congress. Many critics argue that the Arabic news channel to change lunch policy views Arabs and Muslims around the world to the west and America, which shows football, explain the dimensions of the ball and documentary aired on acetic "Fence" in Palestine, and the dosages of fashion. Alhurra in applications for its official website that:
"We are dedicated primarily to news and information. In addition to reporting on regional and international events, chat programs channel broadcasts, magazines, news and features a variety of topics, including health and fitness, recreation, sports, fashion and science and technology "(Alhurra official website).
Give me a break! TESOLers To facilitate employment of the countries in the inner circle, anesthesia of the heart of the Middle East and the spirit is needed to that people can accept these teachers with a positive attitude and a big smile on their faces. People in the Middle East must be convinced that they are not competent enough to teach English, for teachers of mother tongue is English must take over and teach English to benefit his own son. According to Phillipson (2006) The media is not only organize production on a new scale and strength of a new structure is enough space for the world, but also the intrinsic power its justification, as "created, organized, and organized talks and expresses what the self authority" (p. 352). Why should I pay my good money for a channel Alhurra Arabic satellite as when I can not make money there. Alhurra in its website that "Alhurra is operated by the nonprofit corporation, The Middle East Broadcasting Networks, Inc (MBN) "(Alhurra official site.) Arab satellite antenna contains more than 300 channels of free entertainment that can be seen by the Arabs from anywhere in the Middle East, with more than six new channels like Al-Jazeera, CNN and the BBC. Therefore, the purpose of these chains is that the U.S. government can exchanging money from citizens to control their future security and direct the young Arab minds and beliefs about their own interests, by providing "one speaker purely Arab American "channel. The other case is of MBC channels group" started in London that the first satellite, free-to-air multi-channel group means of its kind in the Arab world "(official website CBM). Al-Arabiya (means" Arabic channel in Arabic) is a chain of six channels with news Free CBM and specialized press. The reason for the appearance of these channels has been reported by people who work there is to have a democratic channel Aljazeera, which is fighting thoughts (an Arabic language news channel) and anti-democratic tendencies. From Al-Jazeera has been described by Western politicians bias of many anti-American we need a channel against any anti-American thinking in the Middle East region. According to Ryan (2005), Donald Rumsfeld, accused the station of persuading people that the U.S. is an occupation force in Iraq, which he describes as a lie! Instead, the expansion in Iraq was "freedom, economic growth, education and democracy to people who have suffered years of oppression and mismanagement "(Hadley, 2004, the city's help for Iraq). Accordingly, U.S. tries to Americanize the Arab society in the same way as the Americanized Japanese society after the First World War ll. Therefore, the road will be open for native English teachers when they come to teach the "Western values.
The world of TESOL and language teachers native English:
To impose American ideology in the Middle East, Latin promoted work well for teaching teachers English language with promises of "good wages and an exotic foreign adventure" (Hadley, 2004). According to many experts, such as Hadley and Crystal Troike have linked the expansion of TESOL for the expansion of the former American empire Colombia and present. In addition, native-speaking teachers serve as "part of the programs educational assistance to countries throughout South America, Southeast Asia, Africa and Middle East "(Hadley, 2004) working as the colonial administrators. Handley in his article quoted Edge believes that EFL teachers have become an army of education that meets the intellectual and linguistic conflict occupies possessions Anglophonic Empire:
"… It is now possible to see us, EFL teachers, as a second wave of Imperial soldiers. Before armored divisions withdrew from the outskirts of the city, while the welds are still patrolling the streets, English teachers will facilitate the policy that the tanks were sent to enforce. And if and when I teach EFL, I am part of the overall system "(Hadley, 2004 City Edge, 10)
Karmani (2005) argues that imposing extraordinary pressure on Muslim governments to reform their curricula. A very interesting article by Glasser (2003) working for the Washington Post shows that many Arab Gulf countries to renew their schools and put English on Islam, so to accommodate more hours of courses in English studies Islamic and Arabic have been reduced. A new native speakers of English subject was in the UAE schools to teach students from an early age. This Interestingly, the language teachers are brought in from countries such as national experts require no preparation or training. They are design books text, supervision of non-native speaker teachers to decide who should stay and which should not remain in school. However, U.S. policy succeeded in this country. Almost all native teachers, convinced that language teachers are better teachers than non-native English speakers and this system is the best to teach language students, but do not qualify as English is their mother tongue. This belief creates negative results with less positive results. In these schools, a world full racial discrimination in employment opportunities, payment and compliance has arisen. native teachers, is the confidence of parents and students. Professor native speaker must be double the wages of native-speaking teachers, as a condition for the importation of these teachers. In addition, they must be provided with luxury accommodation, free transport and first-class plane tickets for their annual Mother Earth. Of course, these conditions have been established by the U.S. government to ensure that citizens receive decent treatment. These conditions are imposed on governments want in the Middle East. The irony is that even if you have a U.S. passport or if you are a citizen of the country and were in the white interior, or perhaps were not originally from an Arab country, you can not have this facility! In some cases, the contract may be canceled, even after signing the contract if its original identity was discovered.
Conclusion
To achieve maximum dominance on the Middle East and ensure that the anti-US bases are present in region. Furthermore, to ensure that what happened September 11 2001 will not recur, an American political equation should be applied first, using the power to impose tank. Secondly, the mind of the programs for young people and their views on what the United States "Believe" is correct. Third, teach the child that is against the United States is against you in the classroom. This is not a coincidence that the emergence of (Al-Ghad) schools was only one year after the tragic events of September 11 2001. It is no accident that the reform of the education programs implemented after September 11, 2001. It is no coincidence that the chains as Alhurra and Al-Arabiya after lunch of what happened on September 11, 2001, which are now based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates. However, no one can disagree that the Middle East the need for qualified and experience of developed countries like the United States and Britain, but a direct control for these employees must be made by countries of Middle East experts and the salaries paid their money to a predefined target. According to the area (2005) is a teacher of English language works in Abu Dhabi, UAE United Arab teachers should be selected according to their qualifications to work in an atmosphere of fairness and respect, fear of discriminatory treatment or arbitrary dismissal, because of their ethnicity, whether native or not native English speaker teachers.
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